The Bible’s original manuscripts were in Greek, Middle Aramaic, and Latin. The Septuagint, a pre-Christian Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, is one example. Codex Vaticanus and Codex Sinaiticus are early Greek manuscripts containing New Testament fragments from the second century.
The King James Version (KJV) was based on the Textus Receptus, a Greek collection. Luther and Tyndale used similar Greek texts for their translations, specifically Erasmus’ editions.
The terms ‘Rome’ and ‘Romans’ are absent from the Old Testament, but appear in the Apocrypha (which was removed from the King James Version in 1611) and the Septuagint’s Daniel. In Daniel 11:30, both the Septuagint and King James versions identify the people of Chittim as Romans, making the Old Testament’s silence on Rome notable.
For the ships of Chittim shall come against him: therefore he shall be grieved, and return, and have indignation against the holy covenant: so shall he do; he shall even return, and have intelligence with them that forsake the holy covenant?
Daniel 11:30 (King James Version)
For the ships of Romans shall come against him: therefore he shall be grieved, and return, and have indignation against the holy covenant: so shall he do; he shall even return, and have intelligence with them that forsake the holy covenant?
Daniel 11:30 (Septuagint Version)
Furthermore, 1 Maccabees 1:1 explicitly states that Alexander the Great, a Macedonian native, was also from Chittim (Kittim), which is synonymous with Roman territory.
After Alexander son of Philip, the Macedonian, who came from the land of Kittim, had defeated King Darius of the Persians and the Medes, he succeeded him as king. (He had previously become king of Greece.)
1 Maccabees chapter 1
This revelation goes even further, as the Apocrypha book of Jasher (10:16) reveals that the children of Chittim (Kittim) are the Romans who founded the Roman Empire.
16 And the children of Chittim are the Romim who dwell in the valley of Canopia by the river Tibreu.
Jasher 10:16
Despite being intentionally omitted from the modern Bible by the early church, the book of Jasher retains historical significance. The book of Jasher appears in the biblical accounts of Joshua (10:13) and Samuel (2 Samuel 1:18), emphasizing its significance in the biblical narrative.
What is the Relationship between Esau (Edomite), Christianity and Europe?
Rabbi Louis Ginzberg’s ‘The Legend of the Jews’ highlights Esau’s complex character and his connection to Christianity and Europe. According to Ginzberg, Esau (Edomite) and Jacob represent two nations, Israel and Rome, that have taken different paths. While Esau seeks earthly power, Jacob produces spiritual leaders. The two will have periods of dominance, with Esau initially succeeding, but Jacob will eventually reign supreme.
Read more: The January 1st New Year Day is of Roman pagan origin and should not be celebrated
Don Isaac Abarbanel, a Jewish statesman and philosopher, discussed the Edomite connection to Christianity, pointing out that early Christians were indeed Edomite descendants of Esau. Ernest L. Martin’s ‘The People That History Forgot’ describes the Edomite migration to the Roman Empire, particularly Italy, where they Christianized and combined old customs with pagan practices.
Esau’s (Edom) significance is key to understanding his connection to the Romans. His descendants rose to power, conquering nations and establishing empires such as Rome, Troy, and the Ottoman Empire. They influenced world history as expert hunters and adventurers.
The Book of Jasher (90:7-9) describes their struggle for dominance over Chittim, who later became the Romans, expressing the multidimensional relationship between Esau’s lineage and Rome.
7 And the children of Chittim continued their pursuit of Edom, and they smote them with a great slaughter, and Edom became subject to the children of Chittim. 8 And the children of Chittim ruled over Edom, and Edom became under the hand of the children of Chittim and became one kingdom from that day. 9 And from that time they could no more lift their heads up, and their kingdom became one with the children of Chittim.
Jasher 90: 7-9
The struggle between the descendants of Edom and Chittim culminated in the subjugation of Edom by the Chittim. However, a bond between the two groups persisted, as Zepho, Esau’s great-grandson, rose to prominence in the land of Chittim.
Zepho earned the respect of the Chittim due to his reputation, which was largely influenced by his grandfather Esau’s legacy as a formidable warrior. As a result, Esau’s descendants were eventually entrusted with leadership roles in the Chittim’s military operations, paving the way for their eventual dominance.
1 And when the year came around, being the seventy-second year of the Israelites going down to Egypt, after the death of Joseph, Zepho, the son of Eliphaz, the son of Esau, fled from Egypt, he and his men, and they went away. 2 And he came to Africa, which is Dinhabah, to Angeas king of Africa, and Angeas received them with great honor, and he made Zepho the captain of his host. 3 And Zepho found favour in the sight of Angeas and in the sight of his people, and Zepho was captain of the host to Angeas king of Africa for many days. 4 And Zepho enticed Angeas king of Africa, to collect all his army to go and fight with the Egyptians, and with the sons of Jacob, and to avenge of them the cause of his brethren. 5 But Angeas would not listen to Zepho to do this thing, for Angeas knew the strength of the sons of Jacob, and what they had done to his army in their warfare with the children of Esau.
Jasher 60 : 1-5
12 And when Zepho the son of Eliphaz saw that Angeas despaired of going forth to battle with the Egyptians, Zepho fled from Angeas from Africa, and he went and came unto Chittim. 13 And all the people of Chittim received him with great honor, and they hired him to fight their battles all the day, and Zepho became exceedingly rich in those days, and the troops of the king of Africa still spread themselves in those days, and the children of Chittim assembled and went to Mount Cuptizia because of the troops of Angeas king of Africa, who were advancing upon them.
Jasher 61 : 12-13
24 And the children of Chittim saw the valour of Zepho, and the children of Chittim resolved, and they made Zepho king over them, and he became king over them, and whilst he reigned they went to subdue the children of Tubal, and all the surrounding islands.
Jasher 61 : 24
Under Zepho’s leadership, the children of Chittim (Romans) expanded their dominion, conquering the children of Tubal, descendants of Japheth, Noah’s son. This expansion is based on the Genesis account of Noah’s sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth, who repopulated the earth following the flood.
2 The descendants of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras. 3 The descendants of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. 4 The descendants of Javan: Elishah, Tarshish, Kittim, and Rodanim. 5 From these, the coastland peoples spread. These are the descendants of Japheth in their lands, with their language, by their families, in their nations.
Genesis 10 : 1-5
According to biblical tradition, the descendants of Japheth, may have settled in various regions, including:
- Gomer: Ukraine
- Magog: Russia
- Madai: Persia (modern-day Iran)
- Javan: Greece
- Tubal: Armenia
- Meshech: Turkey
- Tiras: France
- Ashkenaz: Germany
- Elishah: Britain
- Tarshish: Spain
- Kittim: Greece
- Dodanim: Serbia
Esau’s grandson, Zepho, conquered the children of Tubal and the surrounding islands, expanding his control over Japheth’s descendants. He conquered territories inhabited by Japheth’s lineage, eventually ruling over the entire Japheth clan, according to the Book of Jasher.
25 And their king Zepho went at their head, and they made war with Tubal and the islands, and they subdued them, and when they returned from the battle they renewed his government for him. They built for him a massive palace for his royal habitation and seat, and they made a large throne for him, and Zepho reigned over the whole land of Chittim and over the land of Italia for fifty years.
Jasher 61 :25
The mingling of Edom and Chittim (Romans) resulted in the formation of modern Europeans. Because of their historical interconnections and geographical presence, Edom’s descendants are most likely Italians and neighbouring populations such as Swiss, Austrians, and other Southern Europeans.
How Edom and Tyre became One
The city of Tyre, a prominent Phoenician hub, faced God’s judgment for grievous sins. Tyre betrayed Israel by delivering them to Edom and selling Israelites into slavery, thus breaking a brotherhood covenant.
God’s wrath was triggered by this act, which was similar to handing Jacob over to Esau. Amos 1:9-10 prophesied that fire would strike Tyre’s walls, destroying its strongholds and demonstrating God’s unwavering commitment to justice and accountability.
Tyre’s history was marked by conquests, from Assyrian attacks to falls to Nebuchadnezzar and Alexander the Great, culminating in its destruction by the Saracens in 1291. Tyre had close ties to Edom, and some scholars believe the city was ruled by an Edomite.
Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi) associates King Erythras (‘King Red’) with the colonization of Tyre and the Red Sea region. King Erythras, also known as ‘Edom’ (which means ‘Red’), was an early sailor who traded on the Red Sea.
According to Justin Martyr, Tyrians may have migrated from the Assyrian Sea (possibly the Dead Sea). These accounts highlight Edom’s ties to Tyre, with Edomite migrating to northern coastal cities such as Sidon and Tyre to establish their northern capital.
The king of Tyre and Satan have a close relationship in the Bible, implying that Satan had a significant impact on the king. This passage is interpreted as a dual prophecy, predicting the downfall of both Satan and the king. Even some scholars debate whether Satan was the King of Tyre or simply influenced him.
Ezekiel’s prophecy describes an anointed cherub, who is commonly associated with Satan, expressing a strong spiritual bond between Satan and the King of Tyre. This implies that the King of Tyre was either Satan or heavily influenced by him, and that Edomite were heavily influenced by Satan as a result of their association with Tyre.
Conclusion
Esau’s influence can be seen throughout the evolution of Western civilization, from Edom to Rome, Catholicism, and modern Europe. Many Christians are unaware of the historical relationship between early Christianity and Esau’s descendants (Edom), who became Romans. The Roman Empire shaped Christianity, particularly under Constantine, who declared it a state religion, emphasizing the importance of Esau’s lineage.
The notion that White people are solely descended from Japheth is false. This idea originated with some Southern American Christians who wanted to portray themselves as a divinely appointed race. Due to intermarriage and assimilation, white people have ancestors from both Japheth and Esau (Edom).
Esau’s descendants invaded and settled in Japheth’s territory, resulting in cultural and genetic exchange, which contributed to Roman conquest and shaped modern Europe. Japheth and Esau’s descendants can be found in Italy, Europe, and the Middle East, all of which were influenced by the Roman Empire, implying that modern Europeans are descended from Esau and Japheth.
Finally, we can conclude that white Europeans evolved into Japheth and primarily Esau, while the black race is represented by Seth and Ham.
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